Which of the following describes rule by one person?

Monarchy is defined as a form of government where a single individual, typically known as a monarch, holds supreme authority and is often considered the head of state. Monarchs may inherit their position, which often leads to rule for life unless abdicated or overthrown. In contrast to other forms of governance like democracy—where power resides with the people—or oligarchy—where power rests with a small group—monarchy centralizes power in one individual. This concentrated authority can sometimes manifest as absolute power, where the monarch has comprehensive control over the state, while in constitutional monarchies, the ruler's powers may be limited by a constitution or legislative body.